|
Northeast Asia Peace and Security Network DAILY REPORT For Monday, September 21, 1998, from Berkeley, California, USA |
1. Implementation of Agreed Framework
US State Department Spokesman James Rubin ("STATE DEPARTMENT NOON
BRIEFING, SEPTEMBER 18," USIA Transcript, 09/18/98) said that the State
Department has "serious concerns" about certain congressional
restrictions on funding for the Korean Peninsula Energy Development
Organization (KEDO). Rubin stated, "We believe that this is an agreement
that is in our interest." He argued that the Agreed Framework brought
the US and the DPRK back from the brink of war in 1994 and froze the
DPRK's nuclear weapons system. He added that the agreement "was designed
to induce North Korea to take these extraordinary steps and agree to
inspections and no reprocessing, which no country had previously agreed
to under the international proliferation system." He also argued, "We
believe that if we can't fulfill our part of the agreement, it will be
much, much harder to convince the North Koreans to fulfill their part of
the agreement." He concluded, "We have no illusions about what North
Korea's intentions are, what kind of society they are; but we think this
is the best alternative to the kind of crisis and nuclear danger that we
faced in 1994." He said that the administration intends "to continue to
make our case to Congress about the danger to the world of a failure of
North Korea to live up to its required positions in the agreed framework
and the fact that if we don't do our share, it will be harder to get them
to do that."
The Associated Press ("INDIA, PAKISTAN CRITICIZED FOR NUCLEAR TESTS AT
U.N. CONF," Vienna, 09/21/98) reported that Mohamed ElBaradei, director
general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), criticized the
DPRK for failing to cooperate with the IAEA. In particular, he said that
the DPRK has not preserved material the IAEA needs to verify the accuracy
of information the country has provided on its nuclear program.
The Washington Post carried an opinion article by former US ambassadors
to the ROK Donald P. Gregg and James Laney ("DON'T DISMANTLE THE NUCLEAR
FRAMEWORK ON KOREA," 09/21/98, A21) which said that the DPRK's recent
missile launch underscores the importance of maintaining the 1994 Agreed
Framework rather than scuttling it. The authors stated, "The immediate
problem for the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO),
which is responsible for implementing a significant portion of the
accord, is that a combination of North Korean ham-handedness, Japanese
apoplexy, Republican obstructionism and Clinton administration flaccidity
jeopardizes the progress that has been made with North Korea since the
signing of the nuclear Agreed Framework in 1994." Pointing out that the
US and the DPRK have agreed to hold talks in the near future to address
several issues of concern, the authors argued, "We would be well advised
to wait and assess these talks before consigning KEDO to the trash heap."
They added, "It also should be remembered that the Agreed Framework was
designed to deal with North Korea's nuclear problem, not its missile
problem. Now that the latter is a serious concern, it needs to be
addressed in a new binding agreement." They maintained, "KEDO has been a
remarkable success and is the Clinton administration's most innovative
attempt to deal with a tough foreign policy issue." They concluded,
"Above all, we should not prematurely abandon KEDO. Without it, we would
be back at ground zero in our dealings with Pyongyang, with mutual
suspicions at dangerously heightened levels."
2. DPRK Satellite Launch
The Associated Press ("NORTH KOREA PROTESTS U.N.'S DISCUSSION OF
SATELLITE LAUNCH," United Nations, 09/21/98) reported that DPRK Deputy
Ambassador to the UN Kim Chang-guk filed a formal protest Monday with the
Security Council complaining about its discussion of the DPRK satellite
launch. Kim's letter stated, "The satellite launch is not a matter to be
discussed in the Security Council, nor is there any precedent for such a
discussion." It added, "The mere fact that those countries gathered in
the Security Council and slandered the satellite launch ... can be
construed as nothing but a peculiar phenomenon." The letter rejected the
council's admonition that the DPRK should provide advance notice of such
launches, arguing that the DPRK "has never been informed in advance by
any countries, including Japan, which launched satellites in the past."
It added that the DPRK would continue its "full-fledged use of outer
space for peaceful purposes, no matter what other countries may say about
it."
3. DPRK Military
The Associated Press (Sang-Hun Choe, "N.KOREA SAID TO BE TRAINING
BOMBERS," Seoul, 09/19/98) reported that an anonymous high-ranking ROK
government source said Saturday that the DPRK is training up to 140
suicide bomber pilots to plunge into key ROK targets if war breaks out on
the peninsula. The official, who is involved in the ROK's civil defense
programs, said that the new unit appears to be fashioned after the
Japanese kamikaze pilots of World War II. He added that the DPRK set up
the suicide squads earlier this year to use its outdated Soviet-designed
MiG-15 and MiG-17 jets. He also said that the new air unit appears to be
under the direct command of DPRK leader Kim Jong-il. Officials at the
ROK Defense Ministry and the Agency for National Security Planning were
unable to confirm the reports. Defense Ministry officials, however,
pointed out that the DPRK typically calls its soldiers "human bombs,"
ready to sacrifice their lives.
4. ROK Food Aid for DPRK
The Associated Press ("S.KOREA TO SEND FOOD AID TO N.KOREA," Seoul,
09/18/98) reported that ROK Ministry of National Unification officials
said Friday that civic groups will send more than US$700,000 worth of
food to the DPRK by the middle of next month. The ministry said that,
for the first time, five civic groups will give aid directly to the DPRK
instead of sending it through UN agencies or the Red Cross. Shipments of
2,510 tons of corn, 200 milk cows, sugar, and powdered milk will begin
Monday.
The Associated Press ("N. KOREA ACCUSES S. KOREA OF PLOTTING TO KILL
DONATED CATTLE," Seoul, 09/21/98) reported that the DPRK's official
Korean Central News Agency on Monday accused the ROK government of a
"vicious plot" to kill the 500 cattle it received as a gift from Hyundai
founder Chung Ju-yung. The agency said that the cattle were force-fed
indigestible material before being shipped across the border so they
would later die slowly. The report said the scheme was devised by the
ROK Unification Ministry and the Agency for National Security Planning
(NSP). It added, "Their act proves once again that they are stooped to
any plots to block the inter-Korean non-governmental cooperation and
create distrust between the South Korean businessmen and us." The news
agency said that 15 cattle already have died and eight more are near
death. Autopsies found vinyl strips and lumps of hemp rope in the
stomachs of the dead animals, items "which cannot be seen in the DPRK."
An anonymous official at the NSP stated, "It is nonsense. It is not even
worth making a comment." Hyundai officials declined comment, saying they
had no information about the DPRK's claim.
5. DPRK Tourism Project
The Associated Press ("HYUNDAI GROUP TO DELAY SIGHTSEEING TOURS TO N.
KOREA," Seoul, 09/21/98) reported that Hyundai Group Chairman Chung Mong-
hun said Monday that the group's planned sightseeing tours of Mt. Kumgang
in the DPRK will be delayed for at least a month. Chung, returning from
a trip to the DPRK, stated, "I believe we will be able to start the tours
in mid-October at the earliest." Hyundai had planned to start the tours
Friday. Chung stated, "Some working-level issues have yet to be
resolved," adding that the project was not being delayed because of
political reasons.
6. ROK Defense Budget
The Associated Press ("S. KOREA'S DEFENSE BUDGET TO DECREASE FOR FIRST
TIME," Seoul, 09/21/98) reported that the ROK said Monday that it plans
to trim its defense budget by 0.4 percent next year, the first
contraction in the country's history. The Defense Ministry said it would
ask the National Assembly for 13.74 trillion won for 1999, down from 13.8
trillion won this year. The ministry said that most cuts will come in
administrative costs and will not seriously affect the ROK's defense
posture. Defense spending represented 17 percent of this year's overall
budget of 80.76 trillion won.
7. Seoul Peace Prize
Reuters ("SEOUL PEACE PRIZE AWARDED TO U.N. SECRETARY-GENERAL," Seoul,
09/21/98) reported that the ROK on Monday named UN Secretary-General Kofi
Annan the winner of the Seoul Peace Prize for his contribution to world
peace. Lee Chung-seung, the president of the Seoul Peace Prize
Committee, said in a statement that Annan would be awarded US$200,000 and
a plaque for his role in ending a standoff over UN arms inspections in
Iraq. The statement said Annan would be also be given the award for his
contribution to peace on the Korean peninsula, including voicing the UN's
opposition to Taiwan's shipment of nuclear waste to the DPRK and urging
Japan to provide food aid to the DPRK. Lee stated, "These activities
clearly demonstrate Mr. Annan's keen interests in inter-Korean issues as
an ardent peace lover." The peace prize was inaugurated in 1990 and is
awarded to people or institutions contributing to world peace. It is
financed by profits from the Seoul Olympic Games and by an ROK sports
promotion fund.
8. US-Japan Security Talks
The United States Information Agency ("JOINT U.S.-JAPAN STATEMENT ON 9/20
SECURITY MEETING," USIA Text, Washington, 09/21/98) reported that US
Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, Secretary of Defense William
Cohen, and their Japanese counterparts discussed the security environment
in Northeast Asia and issues concerning the bilateral security
relationship between the US and Japan at the September 20 meeting of the
Security Consultative Committee (SCC). According to the Joint US-Japan
Statement on the meeting, the SCC "reconfirmed both governments'
perception that the August 31 missile launch by North Korea presents a
serious threat to the security interests of our two countries and to the
region." It added, "The Ministers called on North Korea not to develop,
test, launch or deploy missiles, or export missiles and related material
and technology" and "affirmed their support for the Agreed Framework and
KEDO (the Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization) as the best
means for preventing the danger of nuclear proliferation on the Korean
Peninsula." The statement also said, "The Ministers affirmed that strong
and healthy U.S.-Japan ties are essential to furthering our respective
cooperation with China on regional and global issues. They also reviewed
other regional issues, including the situation in Russia and Southeast
Asia." The two sides also discussed the Guidelines for US-Japan Defense
Cooperation, and the Japanese side confirmed its intention to seek early
passage of the Guidelines legislation package. Both sides emphasized the
importance of Ballistic Missile Defense, and pledged to proceed with
further work in the direction of conducting cooperative research.
The Associated Press ("ALBRIGHT: KEEP HEAT ON NORTH KOREA," New York,
09/21/98) reported that Secretary of State Madeleine Albright said Sunday
that the US and Japan must "keep the heat on" the DPRK to abide by its
obligations under the Agreed Framework. Albright stated, "Neither of our
nations is under any illusions about the government of Pyongyang or the
potential threat it poses to peace and stability in the region." She
added, "We must keep the heat on Pyongyang by meeting our commitments ...
even as we press North Korea's leaders to meet theirs." Japanese Foreign
Minister Masahiko Komura concurred that the Agreed Framework is "the best
method for preventing nuclear development by North Korea. On this score,
Japan and the United States see eye-to-eye."
The Associated Press (Laura Myers, "U.S., JAPAN ANNOUNCE JOINT MISSILE
DEFENSE PROGRAM," New York, 09/20/98) reported that the US and Japan
agreed Sunday to conduct joint research on a missile defense system. US
Defense Secretary William Cohen stated, "No one should doubt our
commitment to defend our interests and to work together for peace and
stability in Asia. And this is the best way to protect both the United
States and Japan." No target date was set for the project. Japanese
Foreign Affairs Minister Masahiko Komura stated, "Our two countries will
spare no efforts" to improve defense and security in the region. Komura
also said that Japan still supports the KEDO agreement, but added, "We
cannot go ahead with the smooth contribution of $1 billion as if a
missile launch had not taken place at all. That would only send the
wrong message to the North Koreans ... that they will, with impunity, do
almost anything at any time."
9. Japanese Defense Minister Injured
Reuters ("JAPANESE DEFENSE CHIEF INJURED IN CAR ACCIDENT AT PENTAGON,"
Washington, 09/21/98) reported that US defense officials said that
Japanese Defense Minister Fukushiro Nukaga was injured Monday when a
steel barrier accidentally lifted under his limousine as he arrived at
the Pentagon for talks with US Defense Secretary William Cohen. A US
Defense Department spokesman said that Nukaga and other Japanese
officials in the car were taken to a nearby hospital by ambulance to
check possible back or other injuries, but the extent of their injuries
was not immediately known.
10. PRC-Taiwan Relations
The Associated Press ("CHINA REPORTEDLY PRESSURING TAIWAN," Taipei,
09/20/98) reported that Taiwanese newspapers said Sunday that the PRC is
stepping up efforts to isolate Taiwan diplomatically and force it into
reunification talks. Taiwan's United Daily News reported that PRC
Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan plans to hold private talks in New York
this week with the foreign ministers of Costa Rica and Panama, two of the
27 countries that recognize the Nationalist government in Taiwan.
Meanwhile, Taiwan's main negotiator, Shi Hwei-yow, will travel to the PRC
on Tuesday to make further arrangements for the visit of Koo Chen-fu,
chairman of the Straits Exchange Foundation, to the PRC next month. In a
separate report, the paper said that PRC officials in Beijing are calling
for a timetable to be set down for Taiwan's return to the PRC. It quoted
unidentified PRC officials as saying that PRC President Jiang Zemin hopes
to make a major breakthrough on relations with Taiwan during his term as
president.
11. India-Pakistan Nuclear Tests
The Associated Press ("INDIA, PAKISTAN CRITICIZED FOR NUCLEAR TESTS AT
U.N. CONF," Vienna, 09/21/98) reported that the International Atomic
Energy Agency opened its annual conference Monday with criticisms of
India's and Pakistan's nuclear tests. Yukata Takeyama, chairman of
Japan's Atomic Energy Commission, told delegates at the conference,
"Japan finds the nuclear tests totally unacceptable as they pose a grave
challenge to the international non-proliferation regime and seriously
undermines stability in South Asia."
12. India-Pakistan Talks
The Associated Press (Donna Bryson, "LITTLE SEEN FROM MEETING OF INDIA,
PAKISTAN LEADERS," New Delhi, 09/21/98) reported that Pakistani Prime
Minister Nawaz Sharif and Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee will
hold talks Wednesday at the United Nations. Maleeha Lodhi, editor of the
Pakistani newspaper The News and former Pakistani ambassador to the US,
stated, "The entire international community is actually saying that India
and Pakistan have to sit down and resolve their differences. The best
you can expect is that it will reduce tensions." Jasjit Singh, director
of New Delhi's independent Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses,
stated, "The reality is that things are going to move slowly. But we're
talking." Indian envoy Jaswant Singh was also scheduled to meet with US
Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott Tuesday in Washington, to
discuss the possibility of India signing the Comprehensive Test Ban
Treaty (CTBT). Brahma Chellaney, a nuclear affairs specialist with
India's independent Center for Policy Research, said that Vajpayee still
has to work to persuade not only opposition parties, but members of his
own governing coalition that a change of attitude toward the CTBT is
justified.
13. Clinton's South Asia Trip
Reuters (Carol Giacomo, "S. ASIAN NUCLEAR PROGRAMS MAY DELAY A CLINTON
TRIP," Washington, 09/19/98, A19) reported that US officials said Friday
that US President Bill Clinton's planned trip to South Asia this year is
expected to be postponed because India and Pakistan have not made
sufficient progress toward agreeing to curb their nuclear programs. They
said that the White House has declined to announce a final decision on
the trip until after Clinton meets Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
next week in New York, but aides doubt there could be enough achieved in
time to make the trip possible. One senior US official said that when
Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright, National Security Adviser
Samuel R. "Sandy" Berger, and other top aides discussed the South Asia
nuclear situation at the White House last Friday, they agreed India and
Pakistan "have a long way to go before we can recommend a trip." One
unnamed US official said that US-Indian talks were "going downhill....
We haven't really gotten to first base with them. And that has spilled
over into the Pakistani dynamic." However, another official cautioned
that every day brings "radically different developments from both
governments," and hence there could be movement next week.
14. US-Pakistan Talks
The Wall Street Journal (Jonathan Karp, "PAKISTAN'S LEADER TO MEET
CLINTON AMID TREATY HOPE," New Delhi, 09/21/98) reported that Pakistani
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was scheduled to meet US President Bill
Clinton Monday. Diplomats in Islamabad said that Pakistan has indicated
that it is ready to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) in
exchange for an end to US-led economic sanctions. Local press reports
said that Sharif will announce Pakistan's acceptance of the CTBT in his
speech to the UN on Wednesday. Pakistan Foreign Ministry spokesman Tariq
Altaf refused to confirm the reports, saying, "We are not opposed to the
CTBT, but the coercive atmosphere is weighing heavily on everyone's mind
here." He suggested that Sharif's public statement will depend on the
outcome of his meeting with Clinton.
15. US Non-Proliferation Official
The United States Information Agency ("WHITE HOUSE CREATES NEW DOE NON-
PROLIFERATION POSITION," Washington, USIA Text, 09/21/98) reported that
US President Bill Clinton announced his plan on September 18 to create
the new position of assistant secretary for Non-Proliferation and
National Secretary at the Department of Energy. Rose Eilene
Gottemoeller, who is currently serving as the Energy Department's
Director of the Office on Nonproliferation and National Security, is the
nominee. The Assistant Secretary will serve as the Secretary's principal
advisor on matters of nonproliferation and arms control, nonproliferation
research and development programs, emergency management policy, and the
safeguards and security at the Department of Energy.
1. Implementation of Agreed Framework
The US House of Representatives approved a US$12.5 billion foreign aid
bill Thursday which included the barring of the release of US$35 million
to finance heavy oil deliveries to the DPRK. The House's move was
touched off by the recent DPRK satellite launch and is expected to
further deadlock the Clinton administration's efforts to save the
troubled 1994 Geneva nuclear agreement. (Chosun Ilbo, "US HOUSE CUTS
FUEL AID TO NK," 09/21/98)
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is expected to adopt a
resolution calling on the DPRK to abide by its safeguard accord with the
agency at its annual general assembly Monday in Vienna. An ROK
government official said Sunday that at the five-day meeting, the DPRK
will be urged to take all measures to keep intact all information
regarding its nuclear verification efforts in the DPRK. During the
Vienna session, ROK Science-Technology Minister Kang Chang-hee will ask
the DPRK to verify whether its huge underground facilities now under
construction near Yongbyon are for storing nuclear facilities. (Korea
Times, "IAEA TO ASK TO COMPLY WITH SAFEGUARD ACCORD," 09/21/98)
2. ROK Food Aid for DPRK
DPRK officials reported Monday that 15 of the 500 cows shipped by the
Hyundai Group last June have already died, and that 8 are close to death.
Ingestion of indigestibles such as vinyl and rope has been cited as the
cause of deaths; however, observers say that the root cause is likely a
lack of feed in the famine-stricken country. A Pyongyang radio station
monitored by the Naewoo News Agency accused the ROK government and the
ROK National Security Planning Agency of feeding the indigestibles to the
cows before sending them across the Demilitarized Zone to thwart
cooperation between the DPRK and private parties in the ROK. ROK
officials have denied the accusations, but have admitted that it is
possible that the cows could have chewed the canvas coverings of the
transport trucks that took them on their long journey to the DPRK. It is
speculated that the allegations are being made in the hopes of securing
food in the place of a second shipment of 500 more cows, as was
originally planned. (Chosun Ilbo, "NORTH COMPLAINS OVER DEATH OF 15
HYUNDAI COWS," 09/21/98)
According to news reports, it was learned Friday that the DPRK has asked
the Hyundai group for cattle fodder to feed the cows that the company
sent to the DPRK. Hyundai's negotiators on the Mount Kumkang project
were told that, as people were starving, they had no need for the second
shipment of 501 cows and asked for grains to be sent instead to feed
them, along with the fodder. (Chosun Ilbo, "NK ASKS HYUNDAI FOR CATTLE
FODDER," 09/21/98)
3. DPRK Tourism Project
The Hyundai group announced Friday that chairman Chung Mong-hun would
visit the DPRK through Beijing on Saturday after a one week delay to
finalize the Mount Kumkang project. The trip was postponed because the
DPRK had suddenly stopped contact with the company. The facilities,
vehicles, and personnel to build a terminal at the Changjun harbour will
leave Ulsan and Seokcho on Wednesday. Chung will take care of safety and
routing issues and decide on a start date, before returning on Monday.
(Chosun Ilbo, "HYUNDAI CHAIRMAN TO VISIT NK SATURDAY," 09/21/98)
4. US-Japan Talks
Japan's economic recovery effort and the DPRK's test of a new missile
will figure prominently in talks Tuesday between US President Bill
Clinton and Japanese Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi. Significantly, experts
and officials said, the exchange will amount to a show of solidarity
between the world's two biggest economies as East Asia grapples with a
lingering recession and the threats of the DPRK. Clinton and Obuchi are
to meet Tuesday at the old Rockefeller family estate in Tarrytown, New
York, simultaneously with the opening of the UN General Assembly. The
two leaders are also certain to discuss the DPRK, which on August 31
tested an advanced new rocket that far surpassed expert assessments of
its ballistic capabilities. (Korea Times, "US JAPANESE LEADERS TO
DISCUSS ECONOMY AND NK," 09/21/98)
5. ROK-Japan Relations
According to a Japanese press report, ROK President Kim Dae-jung will
move to build the type of political climate that will enable him to
invite the Japanese emperor to the ROK in 2001. The report quoted a
Japanese parliament member, Dan Hideo, who had visited President Kim
earlier that day, as saying that the president plans to explore ways to
invite the Japanese emperor. Meanwhile another Japanese newspaper, the
Mainichi, reported that President Kim is likely to invite Emperor Akihito
to visit the ROK when they meet during Kim's October 7-10 visit. (Chosun
Ilbo, "AKIHITO LIKELY TO VISIT KOREA: JAPANESE PRESS," 09/21/98)
6. DPRK Rocket Launch
The US Department of Defense (DOD) announced Thursday that it cannot
confirm the truth of a recent media report that a fragment of the DPRK
rocket launched August 31 dropped in the waters off the coast of Alaska.
A DOD spokesperson said that the government does not have any information
with regard to the press report and said that even specialists are in
disagreement about how the radar tape which monitored the DPRK rocket
launch is to be interpreted. He added that there are new interpretations
of the rocket launch, but reconfirmed the DOD's evaluation that the DPRK
launched a satellite that failed to go into its intended orbit. (Chosun
Ilbo, "US UNABLE TO CONFIRM IF NK ROCKET HIT ALASKAN SEAS," 09/21/98)
7. DPRK Military
The DPRK launched a "Kamikaze" or suicide squad with some 140 run-down
fighters early this year with a view to attacking the ROK's key targets,
according to a high-level ROK government official Saturday. He said that
the DPRK established a Kamikaze-style commando band and recruited pilots
for MiG-15 and MiG-17 fighting planes used by the band. The DPRK singled
out some 200 qualified personnel out of tens of thousands of volunteers.
Another official in the ROK government also said, "The fighters of the
'Kamikaze' air-raid squad could be outfitted with chemical weapons,
including poison gas." The squad, organized under Kim Jong-il, chairman
of the powerful DPRK National Defense Commission (NDC) and the country's
top leader, is known to have underground training bases in Wonsan and
Haeju, near the border line with the ROK. Cho Myong-rok, the NDC's first
vice chairman, would in a possible scenario directly lead the Kamikaze
squad, which would be able to make an incursion into the ROK by flying at
a very low altitude of 100 to 200 meters. The DPRK would allegedly
commission the squad to attack the ROK's key institutions, including the
ROK presidential office, the ROK Defense Ministry, and the ROK Integrated
Government Complex Building. The DPRK's Air Force maintains 500
fighters, including 60 new fighter-bombers and older generations of MiG
fighters, to be used for the suicidal commandos, bringing the total to
320, the ROK official said. (Korea Times, "KAMIKAZE ATTACK SQUAD IN NK,"
09/21/98)
The NAPSNet Daily Report aims to serve as a forum for dialogue
and exchange among peace and security specialists.
Conventions for readers and a list of acronyms and
abbreviations are available to all recipients.
For descriptions of the world wide web sites used to gather
information for this report, or for more information on web
sites with related information, see the collection of
other NAPSNet resources.
Produced by the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable Development in partnership with:
Wade L. Huntley: napsnet@nautilus.org
Timothy L. Savage: napsnet@nautilus.org
Choi Chung-moon: cily@star.elim.co.kr
Hiroyasu Akutsu: akutsu@glocomnet.or.jp
Peter Razvin: icipu@glas.apc.org
Chunsi Wu: dlshen@fudan.ac.cn
Dingli Shen: dlshen@fudan.ac.cn
Return to the Top of this Daily Report
[Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Next Item][Contents]
[Prev. Item][Contents][Credits]
We invite you to reply to today's report, and we welcome
commentary or papers for distribution to the network.
The Center for Global Communications, Tokyo, Japan
Center for American Studies,
Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Berkeley, California, United States
Berkeley, California, United States
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Tokyo, Japan
Moscow, Russian Federation
Shanghai, People's Republic of China
Shanghai, People's Republic of China